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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="actanova-preservation">Journal Customary Law</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal Customary Law</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">3026-460X</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Indonesian Journal Publisher</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">reformulation-of-legal-policy-on-anonymous-cyberbullying-on-digital-platforms-in-indonesia</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47134/jcl.v3i3.1.5801</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reformulation of Legal Policy on Anonymous Cyberbullying on Digital Platforms in Indonesia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rakhmani</surname>
            <given-names>Feti</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mandala</surname>
            <given-names>Subianta</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>09</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>3.1</issue>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>10</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2026 Indonesian Journal Publisher</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>This study aims to analyze the limitations of Indonesian positive law in regulating anonymous cyberbullying and formulate more adaptive legal policy reforms based on victim protection and digital platform responsibility. The method used is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach through an analysis of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the Criminal Code, and other related regulations. The results of the study indicate a normative vacuum, multiple interpretations, and obstacles in perpetrator accountability and victim protection due to digital anonymity. Therefore, legal reform is needed through the creation of a specific offense for anonymous cyberbullying, strengthening digital evidence, affirming platform responsibility, and an integrated victim-oriented approach.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Anonymous Cyberbullying</kwd>
        <kwd>Legal Updates</kwd>
        <kwd>Victim Protection</kwd>
        <kwd>digital</kwd>
        <kwd>legal</kwd>
        <kwd>anonymous</kwd>
        <kwd>cyberbullying</kwd>
        <kwd>policy</kwd>
        <kwd>victim</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
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      <title>Full Text &amp; Preserved Archival Statement</title>
      <p>This study aims to analyze the limitations of Indonesian positive law in regulating anonymous cyberbullying and formulate more adaptive legal policy reforms based on victim protection and digital platform responsibility. The method used is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach through an analysis of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the Criminal Code, and other related regulations. The results of the study indicate a normative vacuum, multiple interpretations, and obstacles in perpetrator accountability and victim protection due to digital anonymity. Therefore, legal reform is needed through the creation of a specific offense for anonymous cyberbullying, strengthening digital evidence, affirming platform responsibility, and an integrated victim-oriented approach.</p>
    </sec>
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